The objective of this trial was to study the effects of different forms of concentrate processing on ruminal pH and ammonia as well as on plasma concentration of urea. Sixteen dairy cows, pure Holstein and crossbred, were blocked by production level (30.0 and 20.0 kg/day) and randomly assigned to two Latin squares with four periods of 15 days each. Diets were isonitrogenous and contained the following forage (corn silage):concentrate ratios: 50:50 and 60:40 (% of DM) for cows yielding 30.0 […]

Fifty Alpine lactating does were used to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of forage neutral detergent fiber (FNDF) on nutrient intake and milk yield and composition. Animals were housed individually and assigned to a completely randomized design with five treatments and ten replicates. A total mixed ration, containing Tifton-85 (Cynodon sp.) hay, ground corn, soybean meal and mineral mixture was fed ad libitum. The experimental diets contained 20, 27, 34, 41 or 48% of FNDF. As dietary FNDF […]

This trial was conducted to investigate the replacement of soybean meal with a mixture of urea plus cassava scrapings on nutrient intake, digestibility, and production of crossbred lactating cows fed diets containing forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica, Mill), sorghum silage, and concentrate. Eight crossbred holstein:zebu cows averaging 60±30 days in milk and initial body weight (BW) of 491 kg were randomly assigned to two replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares and were fed diets with increasing levels of urea plus […]

The objective of this trial was to study the effects of increasing dietary levels of crude protein (CP) on microbial protein synthesis of lactating dairy goats. The microbial markers purines bases and purine derivatives (PD), measured in spot urine samples or in urine samples from total collection, were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis. Sixteen lactating goats (four fitted with ruminal cannula) were randomly assigned to four replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares and were fed the following dietary CP […]

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn grain with dehydrated citrus pulp pellets on body weight gains, deposition rates of nutrients and body chemical composition of Santa Gertrudis young bulls. Twenty-eight animals averaging nine months of age and initial body weight of 277 kg were kept in individual pens during 92 days after 21 days of adaptation. Animals were fed a diet containing 20% (DM basis) of 40%-grain corn silage. The following dietary levels […]

The objectives of this trial were to estimate gain composition and energy and protein requirements for weight gain of purebred and crossbred Nellore. Sixty young bulls averaging 10 to 11 months of age from four genetic groups: Nellore, F1 Nellore x Angus, F1 Nellore x Brown Swiss and F1 Nellore x Simental and initial average body weights of 286, 309, 333 and 310 kg, respectively, were used in this study. A completely randomized design was adopted and bulls from the […]

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of fibrolytic enzymes (cellulase and xylanase) on particle passage rate, dilution rate and ruminal parameters (pH and ammonia N) in animals fed diets containing corn silage or Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.). Eight bovines fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were randomly assigned to two 4 x 4 Latin squares in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (two forage sources supplemented or not with fibrolytic enzymes). A commercial […]

It was investigated the effects of fibrolytic enzymes (cellulase and xylanase) on the microbial protein synthesis efficiency and enzymatic activity of b-1,4-endoglucanase (cellulase) in animals receiving diets with corn silage and Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.). Eight bovines fitted with rumen and duodenum cannulas were randomly assigned to two replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (two forage sources with or without fibrolytic enzymes). The commercial enzymatic complex used in this trial […]

This study was conducted to evaluate production and carcass characteristics of confined lambs born from Santa Inês ewes, which were supplemented in different stages of pregnancy. Forty-eight Santa Inês ewes averaging 40 kg of body weight were randomly assigned to one of four treatments as follows: control, animals received pasture of Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzania and residue of cassava bagasse while in the remaining treatments animals were fed the same as in the control but also a supplement (corn […]

Kinetics of particle and fluid ruminal passage were studied in steers grazing signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.). Analyses of variance were performed according to a completely randomized block design including treatment (dry and rainy seasons) and block effects (animals) in the model. The first analysis was done based on the effects of the particle phase markers (chromium, ytterbium and europium) while the second analysis relied on the mathematical model effect that make up the sub-plots. For fluid kinetics, treatments (four […]