The objective of this work was to compare reference methodologies to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for analysis of pH and freezing point (FP) under different storage conditions on samples of raw bovine milk. Milk samples were collected from bulk tank milk on 57 farms. Each sample was subdivided into 45 vials (40 mL) which were distributed according to storage temperature (-20ºC, 7ºC and 25ºC), age of the sample (0, 3, 6 and 9 days) and levels of water addition (0, […]

The objective of this study was to evaluate total and individual meat yield of boneless cuts, retail cuts, descarded trimmings and carcass bones of 38 Braford castrated steers, slaughtered at 22 months of age after feedlot finishing. Carcasses were classified in three ranks according to fat coverage: even fat coverage over the carcass, with fat thickness of approximately 6-8 mm on the 12th rib; animals with uneven fat cover, with fat thickness of 3-5 mm and steers with insufficient fat […]

Thirty-two multiparous Angus cows at moderate body condition score (3 in a 1-5 scale) received feed supplementation at the beginning of lactation for a short time to determine the effect on milk yield and composition and on performance of cows and calves. Supplementation started on days 22 ± 3.2 after calving. The cows were randomly distributed into two groups (n =16), one group receiving feed supplementation for 35 days (supplemented group), and the other without supplementation (control group). Each cow […]

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the performance, mortality and the incidence of lesion on the foot-pad of broilers and litter enterobacteriaceae load in two ventilation systems and two litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 pens, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with 42 days of duration and interval of 15 days of downtime between flocks. It was evaluated two […]

The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental thermal conditions in broiler houses with two different ventilation systems and two different litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with a duration of 42 days with 15 days of downtime between flocks. Treatments tested were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans), and two types of […]

It was evaluated the quality of rice husks or soybean straw as litter substrate and the effect of litter reuse for four consecutive flocks of broiler chickens on populations of darkling beetle and intestinal parasite and as organic fertilizer. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m poultry houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each flock with a duration of 42 days and with a 15-day downtime between […]

Sixteen crossbred Holstein × Zebu cows (groups from ½ to ¾ of Holstein × Zebu) at third of fourth lactation were allotted to four 4 × 4 Latin squares to evaluate the economical viability of increasing dietary concentrate level. Cows presented previous milk yield from 2,500 to 3,000 kg, adjusted for 300 days, and grazed pasture during the rainy season, and with 110 days of laction in the beginning of the experimental period. Because of the prices of milk and […]

This work evaluated the reproductive performance of first-calf cows at three years of age, submitted or not to protein supplementation at yearling on natural pastures. After calving, cows were managed on natural or improved pastures. The feeding managements were the following: on natural pastures as yearlings and during pregnancy, post-calving period and breeding season; on natural pastures with protein supplement as yearlings and only natural pasture during pregnancy, post-calving and breeding season; on natural pastures as yearlings and during pregnancy […]

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of beef cattle in feedlots fed diets containing either whole-crop maize silage or sugarcane silage, and with different formulations. Five diets were evaluated: MSF – diet containing whole-crop maize silage, with fixed formulation during feedlot period; MSV- diet containing whole-crop maize silage, with variable formulation according to feedlot phase; SCSF – diet containing sugarcane silage with fixed formulation; SCSV- diet containing sugarcane silage, with variable formulation; SCSV/MSV- SCSV diet […]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the precision of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to estimate zootechnical indexes, based on thermal and physiological variables of pregnant sows. This study was carried out from January to April 2005, in a swine industrial production farm in the gestation section with 27 primiparous gilts, allocated in individual pens and after on farrowing pens where it was quantified animal production indexes of piglets from the study. Therefore, an ANN backpropagation was implemented, with […]